The Duomo Complex in Florence

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore – The Duomo of Florence

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, better known as the Duomo of Florence, is one of the most celebrated symbols of both the Italian Renaissance and the city itself.
Its construction began in 1296, following a design by Arnolfo di Cambio, who envisioned a grand Gothic-style church to replace the smaller cathedral of Santa Reparata.

The works continued for more than a century, involving great masters such as Giotto, who directed the construction site from 1334 and began the famous bell tower, and Francesco Talenti, who completed much of the nave and the majestic apse.

The most extraordinary element is undoubtedly Filippo Brunelleschi’s dome, built between 1420 and 1436 — a revolutionary feat of engineering and still the largest masonry dome ever constructed.
It marked a turning point in the history of architecture, laying the foundations for the rise of the Renaissance style.

The façade we see today, made of white, green, and red marble, was completed much later, between the 19th and early 20th centuries, by Emilio De Fabris, in a Neo-Gothic style inspired by Florentine medieval traditions.

Santa Maria del Fiore is not only an artistic masterpiece but also a site of profound civic and religious identity. It was the heart of political and spiritual life in Republican Florence, and it remains today one of the largest and most visited churches in the world.

Duomo Complex in Florence
 

Top Things to See at the Florence Cathedral Complex

1. The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore

Step inside the grand nave of the Florence Cathedral, where elegant Gothic architecture meets Renaissance harmony.
Admire the marble floor with intricate geometric designs and look up to see Brunelleschi’s Dome from within, beautifully decorated with the Last Judgment frescoes by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari (16th century).

2. Brunelleschi’s Dome

Climb the 463 steps to the top for a close look at the frescoes and a breathtaking panoramic view of Florence.
This revolutionary engineering masterpiece made Filippo Brunelleschi famous throughout Europe and remains the largest masonry dome ever built.

3. Giotto’s Bell Tower

Standing 84 meters tall, the Giotto’s Campanile mirrors the Cathedral’s colorful marble façade.
Its rich decorations include reliefs and statues (the originals are now in the museum).
From the top, you’ll enjoy one of the most spectacular views of the Duomo and Florence’s skyline.

4. The Baptistery of San Giovanni

One of Florence’s oldest buildings, dating back to the 11th century, the Baptistery is famous for its white and green marble exterior and octagonal shape.
Don’t miss the “Gates of Paradise” by Lorenzo Ghiberti (copies are on-site; the originals are in the museum).
Inside, admire the stunning Byzantine mosaics covering the dome.

5. The Opera del Duomo Museum

A must-visit for art lovers. The Museo dell’Opera del Duomo houses the original artworks removed from the complex for conservation purposes.
Highlights include Michelangelo’s Bandini Pietà, the original Baptistery doors, sculptures by Donatello and Nanni di Banco, and a reconstruction of the unfinished medieval façade.

6. The Terraces and the Crypt

Beneath the Cathedral, visit the remains of the ancient church of Santa Reparata.
Some tours also include access to the Cathedral’s terraces, offering unique views over the city and the Dome.

FAQ – Visiting the Florence Duomo

1. Do I need a ticket to enter the Cathedral?
Entrance to the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore is free, but lines can be very long. We recommend booking the Ghiberti Pass with timed entry or joining our 1:45 PM guided tour for a seamless visit.
A combined ticket is required to climb Brunelleschi’s Dome, Giotto’s Bell Tower, or to enter the Baptistery, Crypt, and Opera del Duomo Museum.

2. How long does it take to visit the entire complex?

  • Full visit: 3–4 hours

  • Cathedral and Dome only: 1.5–2 hours

3. How many steps are there to climb the Dome and the Bell Tower?

  • Dome: 463 steps (no elevator)

  • Bell Tower: 414 steps (no elevator)

4. When is the best time to visit the Dome or Bell Tower?
Early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds.
Sunset offers a particularly stunning view.

5. Is reservation required for all entries?
Yes. Timed-entry reservations are mandatory for all monuments within the complex.

6. What is the dress code?
As a sacred site, visitors must cover shoulders and knees. Avoid short shorts or crop tops.

7. Where are the main entrances?

  • Cathedral: left side of the façade (security checks required)

  • Dome: north side entrance of the Cathedral

  • Bell Tower: base of the tower itself

  • Baptistery: directly opposite the Cathedral façade

  • Museum: Piazza del Duomo, behind the Cathedral’s apse

8. Are there discounts for children or groups?
Yes. Children aged 0–6 enter free of charge.

9. Is the site accessible to visitors with reduced mobility?
The Cathedral and Baptistery are accessible.
Unfortunately, the Dome and Bell Tower are not, as there are no elevators.

10. Can visitors attend Mass?
Yes. Access during religious services is separate and not part of the tourist visit.
Check the official Florence Cathedral website for updated Mass times.

Related Experiences and Attractions

  • Uffizi Gallery Tickets and Tours – combine your visit with another masterpiece of Florence

  • Cultural Tours in Florence – discover the city’s art, history, and traditions

Plan Your Visit to the Florence Cathedral

Discover the heart of Renaissance Florence with an expertly curated tour of the Duomo Complex.
Climb Brunelleschi’s Dome, admire Giotto’s Bell Tower, explore the Baptistery, and step into centuries of art and history at the Opera del Duomo Museum.

Book your Florence Cathedral tickets now and experience one of the most iconic landmarks in the world.